澳门海事及水务局局长：大藤峡建成将长效解决澳门供水问题******
中新网南宁1月14日电 (杨陈 陈沿佑 陈冠言)“这两年咸潮对澳门还是有影响的，但是因为有大藤峡水利枢纽的调节作用，所以澳门能够在冬春枯水期平安度过。”广西政协委员、澳门海事及水务局局长黄穗文14日表示。
1月11日至15日，广西壮族自治区政协第十三届一次会议在南宁召开。黄穗文会期接受了中新网记者采访。
在澳门经济社会发展的历史中，保障供水安全是其中重要一环。从早期自给自足到内地挑水，到1959年开始珠海建设向澳门输送原水的设施，再到澳门回归后，水利部珠江水利委员会从整个流域层面统筹规划珠澳供水保障措施，对澳供水形成了稳定的合作机制。在这过程中，与澳门一水相依的广西发挥着重要作用。
黄穗文长期从事澳门海上安全和水资源管理工作，2004年至2006年间，澳门持续出现的咸潮灾害让其记忆犹新。“当时我们自来水咸度达到了500多毫克/升，国标是250毫克/升以下，社会面上市民都在抢购矿泉水。”
澳门地形多低矮丘陵，无河流湖泊，可蓄地表水条件差，不具备建大中型水库的条件，淡水资源奇缺。从地理位置上看，澳门又位于西江入海口，地处咸淡水交汇的区域，咸潮沿磨刀门水道上溯淹没取水口，成为枯水期影响澳门供水的最大威胁。
黄穗文回忆说，当时已有短、中期的淡水供澳措施。“短效措施是调水压咸；中效措施是建造竹银水库，建好后可起到调节作用，帮助珠海和澳门度过两三个月的枯水期。但要彻底解决供水问题，广西的大藤峡水利枢纽工程是关键。”
大藤峡水利枢纽工程是珠江流域防洪控制性枢纽工程，也是两广合作、桂澳合作的重大工程。工程坝址位于珠江流域黔江河段大藤峡峡谷出口(即广西桂平市南木镇弩滩村)，距离桂平黔江大桥约6.6公里。建成后，珠江三角洲地区的水资源分配不均、上游洪水暴发、突发性水污染问题都可通过该枢纽及时应对。
黄穗文是大藤峡水利枢纽工程的推动者和见证者，曾多次带队到广西实地考察，并作为澳门特区政府代表与珠江水利委员会签署了《澳门特别行政区援助建设大藤峡水利枢纽工程合作协议书》。
“2009年澳门特区政府拨款8亿元人民币，用于广西大藤峡库区移民安置、水土保持和环境治理。作为受益方，我们希望对整个流域的生态保护方面出一份力。”黄穗文说。
经过多年建设，截至目前，大藤峡水利枢纽工程已有5台机组投产发电，剩余3台机组正按计划有序安装，计划2023年年底前全部投入运行。
黄穗文表示，大藤峡建成后蓄水量已经足够保障澳门用水安全。“原来从内地调淡水到澳门需要一个多星期，如今大藤峡开闸放水后只需3天，澳门市民就能用上来自西江的淡水。”
谈及未来，黄穗文认为，澳门与广西在水运方面有很多合作的机会。“有业界人士提出想通过西江内河航道，将货品拉到澳门来，我们将积极配合，希望未来能够进一步推动澳桂水上运输方面的合作。”(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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